Java program to find the sum of digits of a number until a single digit is found

Java program to find the sum of digits of a number until a single digit is found:

In this Java programming tutorial, we will learn how to find the sum of all digits of a number, until a single digit is found.

For example, for the number 345, the sum of its digits is 3 + 4 + 5 i.e. 12. But, 12 is greater than 10. So, we have to find the sum of digits again, i.e. 1 + 2, which is 3 and this is a single-digit number. So, it will print 3 for 345.

This program will take one number as input from the user and it will print the single digit value.

Algorithm to follow:

We will follow the following algorithm:

Take the number as input from the user.
Find the sum of the digits of the number.
If it is not a one digit value, find its sum of digits again.
Keep doing it until you get asingle-digitt value.
Print that number.

Java program:

Let’s write down the complete Java program:

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    private static int findSumOfDigits(int no) {
        int sum = 0;

        while (no > 0) {
            sum += no % 10;
            no /= 10;
        }

        return sum;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int no, sum;
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.println("Enter the number: ");
        no = sc.nextInt();

        sum = no;

        while (sum > 9) {
            sum = findSumOfDigits(sum);
        }

        System.out.println("Sum for " + no + " is: " + sum);
    }
}

In this program,

no and sum are two integer variables to hold the user input number and the sum of digits.
sc is a Scanner object to read the user inputs.
It asks the user to enter a number. It reads the number by using the Scanner object and stores that in the no variable.
We are assigning the value of no to sum.
The while loop will run until the value of sum is more than 9.
- Inside the loop, we are finding the sum of the digits of sum by using the findSumOfDigits method and assigning it to sum.
- This loop will stop once we get a single-digit value of the sum.
findSumOfDigits method takes a number and returns the sum of the digits of that number.
- It initializes a sum variable as 0 and by using a while loop, it finds the sum of the digits.
At the end of the program, we are printing the single-digit sum.

Method 2: O(1) solution:

There is another easy way to solve this problem. If a number is divisible by 9, then the single-digit sum we found by adding the digits of the number is always 9.

For example, 8802 is divisible by 9. So, if we add the digits, it will be 8 + 8 + 0 + 2 = 18, and if we add the digits of 18, it will be 9. Only for 0, it will be 0.

For all numbers, we can either represent it as 9 * n or 9 * n + d. For all 9 * n numbers, it will be 9 and for 9 * n + d, it will be d.

Let’s write down the program with this algorithm:

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    private static int findSumOfDigits(int no) {
        if (no == 0) {
            return 0;
        } else if (no % 9 == 0) {
            return 9;
        } else {
            return no % 9;
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int no;
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.println("Enter the number: ");
        no = sc.nextInt();

        System.out.println("Sum for " + no + " is: " + findSumOfDigits(no));
    }
}

So,

We changed the findSumOfDigits method.
It takes one number as the parameter
- Returns 0 if the number is 0
- Returns 9 if the number is divisible by 9.
- Else, it returns no % 9, or the remainder if we divide no by 9

If you run this program, it will print output as like below:

Enter the number: 
8802
Sum for 8802 is: 9

We can also use ternary operators to write it in just one line:

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    private static int findSumOfDigits(int no) {
        return no == 0 ? 0 : (no % 9 == 0 ? 9 : no % 9);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int no;
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.println("Enter the number: ");
        no = sc.nextInt();

        System.out.println("Sum for " + no + " is: " + findSumOfDigits(no));
    }
}

It will print a similar result.

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Java program to find the sum of digits of a number until a single digit is found